2 101 X Metals were central to the economic development of the Etruscans. On the mainland rich metal deposits were found in the mountains called the 'Colline Metallifere' and from Elba came large quantities of iron. The iron ores were shipped into the harbour of Populonia, smelted and worked on the site.
#Elba
3 101 X An important city of the Etruscan League, Volterra was surrounded by a massive wall which still stands in part. Its arched and decorated gateway is particularly impressive. Numerous finely decorated terracotta sarcophagi were produced in this city.
#Volterra, Gateway
4 13 6 5
#CM Tarquinii
5 13 6 1
#CM Caere
6 101 X One of the cities of the Etruscan League, Veii was a major rival of Rome, by virtue of its location. In the surrounding countryside, examples have been found of the underground channels used by the Etruscans to drain land for agriculture. The Etruscans were extremely competent civil engineers.
#Veii
7 23 6 1
#MS The Etruscans
8 0 6 4
#IW Agriculture
9 1 6 13
#IW Piacenza Liver
10 17 6 1
#IS Etruscan Religion
11 101 X According to tradition, Rome was ruled by three Etruscan kings between 616 and 510 BC. Archaeological evidence confirms the influential role Etruscans played in this city during the 6th century BC, in terms of architecture, political organization and religion.
#Rome
12 101 X One of the great trade rivals of the Etruscans were the Greeks. The Greek cities had founded colonies on Sicily and in southern Italy, of which Naples was one. To keep a grip on trade in this area the Etruscans annexed parts of Campania and founded the city of Capua.
#Capua
13 101 X Principal port of Cerveteri, Pyrgi was a cosmopolitan town. Sanctuaries here served the gods of many nations: for example, three gold plaques record the dedication of a temple to the Phoenician goddess Astarte. Votive material from another temple includes terracotta body parts, suggesting offerings made for healing.
#Pyrgi
14 0 6 3
#IW Marzabotto
15 0 6 8
#IW Burial Rites
16 18 6 1
#FM Dance
17 101 X A large and impressive cemetery of tombs cut into the hillside. Tombs on different levels were linked by rock-cut stairs and impressive rock-hewn false doors and often porticoes above their more modest entrances marked out the individual tombs. Temple facades were also carved out of the rock.
#Norchia, False doors above entrance
18 101 X The walls of the celebrated FranÁois tomb at Vulci are painted with scenes from Greek mythology. The Etruscan cities traded with the Greek world and Greek craftsmen worked in Etruria. In addition, since the Etruscans' main rivals, the Romans, traced their descent from Aeneas the Trojan, the Etruscans aligned themselves with the Greek heroic past.
